They are one of the greatest archaeological finds of all time. First discovered in a cave by a Bedouin shepherd boy in 1947, these fragile parchment relics were written around the time of Christ two millennia ago and included the oldest known versions of the Hebrew Bible. They not only reveal that early Judaism was far richer and more varied than previously thought but also hold vital clues to the birth of Christianity. Now, scientists are using new technologies to read the unreadable, solve mysteries that have endured for millennia, and even discover million-dollar fakes.