Filippo Brunelleschi, the father of Renaissance architecture -- Qavam al-Din Shirazi, architect to the House of Tamerlane -- Giuliano da Sangallo, wood sculptor, architect and student of antiquity -- Sinan, master architect of the Ottoman Empire -- Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor and builder -- Christopher Wren, scientist. architect and engineer -- Sebastien le Prestre de Vauban, foremost military engineer of the 17th century -- Thomas Telford, innovator of cast-iron bridge design -- Karl Friedrich Schinkel, genius and engineer -- James Bogardus, inventor of cast-iron architecture -- Joseph Paxton, landscape gardener and architect -- Victor Baltard, municipal architect of Paris -- Isambard Kingdom Brunel, visionary railway engineer and ship designer -- A. W. N. Pugin, realist and revolutionary -- Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, gothic as constructive will -- John Fowler, renowned developer of urban railways -- Giuseppe Mengoni, architect of Milan's Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II -- William el Baron Jenney, developed Chicago's distinctive skyscrapers -- Francois Hennebique, symbol of reinforced concrete -- Antoni Gaudi, architect-craftsman with a unique creative style -- Louis H. Sullivan, ornamentalist, skyscraper designer and advocate of an "American" style -- Frank Lloyd Wright, architect of the space within -- Auguste Perret, an aesthetic language and doctrine for concrete construction -- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the last great inventor of form -- Le Corbusier, in concrete or stone, wood or metal? -- Konstantin Melnikov, leap into the unknown -- Pier Luigi Nervi, transfigurations of an engineer -- R. Buckminster Fuller, design for the future -- Ove Arup, the outsider and the art of the impossible -- Louis K. Kahn, architect of the poetics of action and construction -- Jean Prouve, the constructive imagination -- Oscar Niemeyer, radical critic of Modernist orthodoxies -- Eero Saarinen, exuberance and technological innovation -- Frei Otto, innovator of tensile and membrane structures -- Fran Gehry, designer of expressively iconic buildings -- Kenzo Tange, the architect of megastructures -- Norman Foster, invention and innovation in structure and materials -- Santiago Calatrava, a universal designer -- Kengo Kuma, an architecture of materiality and immateriality.