Introduction -- Background -- The residential school legacy -- Understanding physical and sexual abuse -- HIV/AIDS and aboriginal people -- The role of injection drug use -- Aboriginal men who have sex with men -- Aboriginal women -- Aboriginal offenders -- Background on HIV/AIDS in the Canadian prison system -- Contributing factors to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C within Canadian prisons -- Injection drug use (IDU) -- Unsafe sex practices -- Tattooing -- Testing and screening -- Statistics -- Federal prison system -- Provincial prison system -- Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and co-infection in the correctional system -- HIV/AIDS -- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) -- Co-infection of HIV/AIDS and HCV -- Residential school legacy: connection to HIV/AIDS and Aboriginal offenders -- Work done in prisons by the Aboriginal HIV/AIDS movement on HIV/AIDS and/or hepatitis C virus -- Other concerns -- Best practices and challenges -- Best practices -- Learning based on interviews at healing lodges -- Challenges -- Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Background on the healing lodges -- Appendix 2: Interview questions for healing lodges -- Appendix 3: Recommendations from the literature -- References.